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Sunday, 30 September 2012
Egypt's president sacks military chiefs
With 2012 on track to be one of the worst years for dealmaking in a decade, are companies now focusing on 2013, or are there still deals to be done?
Anousha Sakoui, the FT?s mergers and acquisitions correspondent, takes the pulse of the industry with Jacques Brand, head of investment banking coverage & advisory at Deutsche Bank and Gilberto Pozzi, global head of retail and consumer advisory business at Goldman Sachs.
Source: http://podcast.ft.com/index.php?sid=29&pid=1570
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Modern Money and Public Purpose: The Historical Evolution of Money and Debt
L. Randall Wray and Michael Hudson present at the Modern Money and Public Purpose seminars. L. Randall Wray is a Professor of Economics at the University of Missouri-Kansas City. Michael Hudson Distinguished Research Professor of Economics at the University of Missouri (Kansas City), and President of the Institute for the Study of Long-term Economic Trends (ISLET).
This video is an hour and three-quarters long ? Wray begins, then Hudson takes over at 43:00 ? so I suggest you listen to it over your Sunday morning coffee instead of NPR. (And if you?ve been taking note of all the ?tally stick? jokes in the threads lately, I?m guessing this video is where that comes from?)
Here?s an interesting passage that I hope I?ve transcribed with reasonable accuracy from Michael Hudson?s talk. Of Sumer:
[HUDSON 52:10] The original money was a price schedule to enable pepole to pay in kind. And the barley, obviously people did not go around with barley in their pocket because it really doesn?t last very well. People didn?t use money, actually to pay. What they would do during the crop year, they would so essentially what somebody would do in a bar today: They?d run up a tab. And they would run up a tab with the ale women for money that would be due on the threshing floor at the seasonal harvesting time. And in fact almost all the barley debts, and we have the contracts from Mesopotamia were due on the threshing floor at barley time, the silver debts were due at another time, and this was the principal that lasted until about 1200BC.
Time passes, there is a dark age, and until 750BC we to Greece and Rome.
[HUDSON] That?s when civilization began to go down hill. It?s usually considered the start of Western civilization, but what people think is the start of Western Civilization was the falling apart of Near Eastern origins of civilization, of this economy that had been put together in a very well-organized economy, and all of a sudden instead of the public institutions, you had local chieftains occurring, and in Rome, very soon you had the aristocratic families overthrow the kings, and the functions that were in the public sector in the Near East all of a sudden were taken over by private families ? let?s call them the Mafia, because that?s basically what the Roman oligarchy was.
And there was a complete change in policy from the Near Eastern Bronze Age to classical antiquity: When a new ruler would come to the throne in Mesopotamia, the first thing they would do, on their first full year on the throne, was to proclaim a clean slate. And that?s because a lot of the debts that were denominated in barley couldn?t be paid. ?
And there was a general understanding that the debts tended to grow faster than the means to pay. ? [Scribes] had two basic contrasts: The doubling time of debt. ?You knew here?s this exponential curve of debt, very rapidly. [T]hey also had curves for the growth of herds, and output, and that was an S curve, just like economics textbooks today ?
So the rulers, when they came in, would cancel the debts for a very good reason. ? One of the Roman historians was given an explanation by the Egyptians for why the Phatroahs cancelled the debts: They said, if we don?t cancel the debts, then the debtors are going to fall into bondage to the creditors? and then nobody?s going to fight in the army and we?ll be defeated. ?
What happened by the time of Rome in 133BC is that you had a Milton Friedman philosophy of free markets by the oligarchy. What they realized, in Rome, was exactly what President Nixon and Hnery Kissinger realized in Chile: You can?t have a free market for creditors if you don?t murder everyone who disagrees with you [laughter]. If you don?t kill everyone who wants to cancel the debts, if you don?t kill everyone one knows history, if you don?t kill the labor leaders, you can?t have a free market, oligarchy style. ? So there was a 100 year social war in Rome, and the result was the by the time the empire got going, one quarter of the population was in debt bondage or outright slavery.
History does rhyme, doesn?t it?
* * *
So, this is a great series, I wish them well, and maybe I?ll be lucky enough to make my way down to Manhattan to listen to one or two of them, not least because the very concept of ?Public Purpose? seems to alien to most contemporary discourse on political economy.
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NEWS, NEWS HEALTH AND FITNESS NEWS, NEWS !!!! | Hubmesh ...
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Sales ban on Samsung Galaxy Tab 10.1 will be reconsidered
View all?
Samsung won permission Friday from the US Circuit Court of Appeals in Washington to have the three-month-long preliminary injunction against its Galaxy Tab 10.1 reconsidered, Reuters reported. The recent high-profile trial between Apple and Samsung left Samsung holding a huge bill for patent infringement of Apple?s iPhone and iPad products, but the Galaxy Tab injunction was based on a patent that the jury found had not been infringed by the Tab.
Since Samsung had appealed to a higher court to reverse the injunction decision in June before the jury?s decision in August, Judge Koh said she could not reverse her decision immediately after the trial. Now that the Court of Appeals has ruled in favor of a reconsideration, Judge Koh can rule on whether the sales ban stands.?Koh does not necessarily have to reverse her preliminary injunction, but she has said she would do so provided she regains jurisdiction.
After the jury found Samsung?s Galaxy Tab 10.1 was not in violation of Apple?s D504,889 patent?the patent the injunction was based on?Apple filed a motion seeking a new judgment that the Tab 10.1 "infringes and dilutes Apple?s protectable iPad Trade Dress; that the Tab 10.1 infringes the D?889 patent; and that Samsung?s accused smartphones dilute Apple?s combination iPhone Trade Dress." The jury found that the Galaxy Tab 10.1 did infringe Apple patents, but not the one the injunction was based on.?Samsung seems likely to win this particular point, because Koh previously said "the sole basis for the June 26 Preliminary Injunction no longer exists."
Since the landmark jury trial in August, Apple and Samsung have been filing smaller appeals and motions to try to work out more favorable post-trial rulings for each. Last week, Apple asked for $707 million in additional damages from Samsung on top of the $1.05 billion originally awarded by the jury. Samsung asked for a re-trial due to the time constraints on argument and testimony that the Judge had ordered during the trial. Samsung is also arguing that the jury committed misconduct.
Source: http://feeds.arstechnica.com/~r/arstechnica/index/~3/hfC8cnEyaQI/
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Saturday, 29 September 2012
Ex-NY Times publisher Arthur Ochs Sulzberger dies
NEW YORK (AP) ? Former New York Times publisher Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, who led the newspaper to new levels of influence and profit while standing up for press freedom during some of the most significant moments in 20th-century journalism, died Saturday. He was 86.
Sulzberger, who went by the nickname "Punch" and served with the Marine Corps before joining the Times staff, first as a reporter, and then following his father and grandfather as publisher, died at his home in Southampton, N.Y., after a long illness, his family announced.
During his three-decade tenure, the newspaper won 31 Pulitzer prizes, published the Pentagon Papers and won a libel case victory in New York Times vs. Sullivan that established important First Amendment protections for the press.
"Punch, the old Marine captain who never backed down from a fight, was an absolutely fierce defender of the freedom of the press," his son, and current Times publisher, Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr., said in a statement. He said his father's refusal to back down in the paper's free-speech battles "helped to expand access to critical information and to prevent government censorship and intimidation."
In an era of declining newspaper readership, the Times' weekday circulation climbed from 714,000 when Sulzberger became publisher in 1963 to 1.1 million upon his retirement as publisher in 1992. Over the same period, the annual revenues of the Times' corporate parent rose from $100 million to $1.7 billion.
"Above all, he took the quality of the product up to an entirely new level," the late Katharine Graham, chairwoman of The Washington Post Co., said at the time Sulzberger relinquished the publisher's title.
Sulzberger was the only grandson of Adolph S. Ochs (pronounced ox), the son of Bavarian immigrants who took over the Times in 1896 and built it into the nation's most influential newspaper.
The family retains control to this day, holding a special class of shares that give them more powerful voting rights than other stockholders.
Power was thrust on Sulzberger at the age of 37 after the sudden death of his brother-in-law in 1963. He had been in the Times executive suite for eight years in a role he later described as "vice president in charge of nothing."
But Sulzberger directed the Times' evolution from an encyclopedic paper of record to a more reader-friendly product that reached into the suburbs and across the nation.
During his tenure, the Times started a national edition, bought its first color presses, and introduced ? to the chagrin of some hard-news purists ? popular and lucrative new sections covering topics such as food and entertainment.
"If you weren't around then, you forget the unbelievable outrage that greeted those sections. But in retrospect it was the right decision both editorially and economically," said Nicholas Lemann, dean of the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism.
Sulzberger also improved the paper's bottom line, pulling it and its parent company out of a tailspin in the mid-1970s and lifting both to unprecedented profitability a decade later.
In 1992, Sulzberger relinquished the publisher's job to his 40-year-old son, Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr., but remained chairman of The New York Times Co. Sulzberger retired as chairman and chief executive of the company in 1997. His son then was named chairman. Sulzberger stayed on the Times Co. board of directors until 2002.
Reacting to news of Sulzberger's death Saturday, former Times executive editor Joseph Lelyveld said that his business success was matched by integrity in the newsroom.
"As an editor, you knew that if you went to the publisher and sought his support on an issue that you deemed to be of high importance, you could pretty much count on getting it. He knew how to back his people," Lelyveld said. "The last years have been extremely difficult with his health problems. He bore them with great courage. I admired him hugely."
President Barack Obama said Sulzberger was "a firm believer in the importance of a free and independent press ? one that isn't afraid to seek the truth, hold those in power accountable, and tell the stories that need to be told."
New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo said he "changed the course of American history with his journalistic decisions."
Significant free-press and free-speech precedents were established during Sulzberger's years as publisher, most notably the Times vs. Sullivan case. It resulted in a landmark 1964 Supreme Court ruling that shielded the press from libel lawsuits by public officials unless they could prove actual malice.
In 1971 the Times led the First Amendment fight to keep the government from suppressing the Pentagon Papers, a series of classified reports on the Vietnam War. Asked by a reporter who at the Times made the decision to publish the papers, Sulzberger gestured toward his chest and silently mouthed, "me."
Sulzberger read the more than 7,000 pages of the Pentagon Papers before deciding to publish them. After Sulzberger read the papers, he was asked what he thought. "Oh, I would think about 20 years to life," he responded.
But in a landmark decision, the U.S. Supreme Court eventually sided with the Times and The Washington Post, which had begun publishing the papers a few days after the Times.
"Punch Sulzberger was a giant in the industry, a leader who fought to preserve the vital role of a free press in society and championed journalism executed at the highest level," said Associated Press President and CEO Gary Pruitt. "The Associated Press benefited from his wisdom, both during his years on the board of directors and his thoughtful engagement in the years that followed."
Gay Talese, who worked at the Times as a reporter when Sulzberger took over and chronicled the paper's history in his book "The Kingdom and the Power," called him "a brilliant publisher. He far exceeded the achievements of his father in both making the paper better and more profitable at a time when papers are not as good as they used to be."
In their book "The Trust," a history of the Ochs-Sulzberger family and its stewardship of the paper, Susan E. Tifft and Alex S. Jones cited Sulzberger's "common sense and unerring instincts."
In an interview in 1990 with New York magazine, Sulzberger was typically candid about the paper's readership.
"We're not New York's hometown newspaper," he said. "We're read on Park Avenue, but we don't do well in Chinatown or the east Bronx. We have to approach journalism differently than, say, the Sarasota Herald Tribune, where you try to blanket the community."
New York City's mayor from 1978 to 1989, Ed Koch, said Sulzberger also had great humility, despite his extraordinary influence.
"With enormous power and authority he was a humble a person as you could ever meet," Koch said Saturday. "People with enormous power often dominate a room. He did not. And yet the power and authority was there."
In the mid-1980s Sulzberger authorized the building of a $450 million color printing and distribution plant across the Hudson River in Edison, N.J., part of a plan to get all printing out of cramped facilities in the Times building in Manhattan.
Sulzberger was born in New York City on Feb. 5, 1926, the only son of Arthur Hays Sulzberger and his wife, Iphigene Ochs Sulzberger, Adolph's only child. One of his three sisters was named Judy, and from early on he was known as "Punch," from the puppet characters Punch and Judy.
Sulzberger's grandfather led the paper until his death in 1935, when he was followed by Sulzberger's father, who remained at the helm until he retired in 1961.
Meanwhile, Arthur served in the Marines during World War II and, briefly, in Korea. He later observed, in a typically self-deprecating remark, that "My family didn't worry about me for a minute. They knew that if I got shot in the head it wouldn't do any harm."
Except for a year at The Milwaukee Journal, 1953-54, the younger Sulzberger spent his entire career at the family paper. He joined after graduating from Columbia College in 1951. He worked in European bureaus for a time and was back in New York by 1955, but found he had little to do.
Sulzberger had not been expected to assume power at the paper for years. His father passed control to Orvil E. Dryfoos, his oldest daughter's husband, in 1961. But two years later Dryfoos died suddenly of heart disease at 50. Punch Sulzberger's parents named him publisher, the fourth family member to hold the title.
"We had all hoped that Punch would have many years more training before having to take over," said his mother, Iphigene. Sulzberger relied on senior editors and managers for advice, and quickly developed a reputation as a solid leader.
At various times, Sulzberger was a director or chairman of the Newspaper Advertising Bureau, American Newspaper Publishers Association and American Press Institute. He was a director of The Associated Press from 1975 to 1984.
Sulzberger married Barbara Grant in 1948, and the couple had two children, Arthur Jr. and Karen. After a divorce in 1956, Sulzberger married Carol Fox. The couple had a daughter, Cynthia, and Sulzberger adopted Fox's daughter from a previous marriage, Cathy.
Carol Sulzberger died in 1995. The following year, Sulzberger married Allison Cowles, the widow of William H. Cowles 3rd, who was the president and publisher of The Spokesman-Review and Spokane Chronicle of Spokane, Wash. She died in 2010.
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/ex-ny-times-publisher-arthur-ochs-sulzberger-dies-142532804--finance.html
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Sorafenib does not extend overall survival as third or fourth line therapy in lung cancer
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Public release date: 29-Sep-2012[ | E-mail |
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European Society for Medical Oncology
Phase III MISSION trial - EGFR status may help select patients who will benefit most
Vienna, Austria, 29 September 2012 Treatment with the drug sorafenib as a third or fourth line therapy does not result in improved overall survival among patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), according to findings released at the ESMO 2012 Congress of the European Society for Medical Oncology in Vienna. However, a post-hoc biomarker analysis of the trial data that was also presented suggests that patients with EGFR-mutant tumors may benefit.
Sorafenib is an oral inhibitor of several tyrosine protein kinases, which can be active in cancers. At the meeting, Dr Luis Paz-Ares from from Virgen del Rocio University Hospital in Seville, Spain, reported the findings of the phase III MISSION trial, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of monotherapy administration of sorafenib in 703 patients who were randomly assigned to either oral sorafenib 400mg twice daily or placebo.
Median overall survival, the study's primary end-point, was similar in the two groups (248 vs 253 days; HR 0.99, p=0.4687) the researchers found, while median progression-free survival (HR 0.61; p
"Treatment with sorafenib does not result in improved survival as compared to placebo as a third or fourth line treatment in advanced non-small cell lung cancer," Dr Paz-Ares said.
"There are data suggesting relevant anti-tumor activity of the drug, including progression-free survival in this clinical context," he added. "The fact that there is no significant impact on overall survival highlights the increasing importance of post-study therapies in lung cancer trials. In addition, one cannot exclude a potential overall survival benefit in some patient populations." Post-hoc biomarker analysis of MISSION trial suggests patients with EGFR mutant tumors may benefit from sorafenib To date, there is no specific biomarker that can help select patients for treatment with sorafenib. At ESMO 2012, Dr Tony Mok, professor in the Department of Clinical Oncology at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, reported data from an exploratory study which suggests that EGFR mutations may help to achieve this goal in patients with lung cancer.
The analysis was conducted using tumor and/or plasma mutation data from 347 patients who took part in the MISSION trial. EGFR and KRAs mutations were detected in 26% and 20% patients, respectively, and were well balanced between treatment arms, the researchers report.
Analysis of the interaction between EGFR mutation status and the effect of treatment on survival suggested that patients with EGFR mutations benefitted from sorafenib, while those with wild-type EGFR did not. Median overall survival was two-fold longer in patients with EGFR mutations receiving sorafenib versus placebo. There was no significant difference in overall survival between patients with wild type EGFR receiving sorafenib or placebo.
Similarly, researchers saw an interaction between EGFR mutation status and the sorafenib effect on progression-free survival. Those patients with mutated EGFR treated with sorafenib had better outcomes compared to placebo than patients with wild type EGFR.
KRAS mutation status, meanwhile, was not predictive of sorafenib efficacy.
"There are improvements in both overall survival and progression-free survival. The key is the positive interaction analysis, which is the essential test to validate the predictive value of a biomarker in a randomized study. The better overall survival could be partly influenced by the higher number of patients receiving EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibiting drugs after the study, but the improvement in progression-free survival is mostly attributed to the use of sorafenib," Dr Mok said.
"This is only an exploratory analysis thus cannot confirm the value of EGFR mutation. The biomarker population is of small size, and not necessarily representative of the overall population. But on the other hand, contrary to prior suggestions, we confirmed that KRAS is not a predictive biomarker for sorafenib," Dr Mok concluded.
Commenting on the data, Prof Rafael Rosell of the Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Spain, (who was not involved in the study) said: "This phase III MISSION trial shows that the administration of new treatments without selection of patients based on potential predictive markers dilutes the probable benefit of a targeted agent."
"A large subgroup of patients was genotyped for EGFR and KRAS mutations. Of great interest is that among the 26% of patients with non-small cell lung cancer that is driven by EGFR mutations, survival was twofold longer in those receiving sorafenib compared to those receiving placebo," Prof Rosell said. "This is an important finding since sorafenib inhibits BRAF, VEGFR and PDGFR. The inhibition of BRAF could be the main reason survival was longer in the subgroup of patients with EGFR mutations. BRAF and MEK inhibitors -not yet explored-- could provide additional benefit with EGFR TKIs in EGFR-mutant lung cancers."
"In my opinion, the significant benefit of sorafenib in the subgroup of patients with EGFR-mutant tumors is a great breakthrough that merits validation in a prospective study. The use of sorafenib in the second-line setting may provide benefit in patients progressing after treatment with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors," Prof Rosell said. "It is also intriguing that in 20% of lung cancers driven by KRAS mutations, no benefit was observed with sorafenib. BRAF inhibitors can act on KRAS-mutated tumors, but we need to keep in mind that differences in predicting response can be found between chemotypes hitting the same target. The fact that sorafenib has no effect on KRAS mutations in this trial does not rule out the possibility that other BRAF inhibitors could be effective."
###
[ | E-mail | Share ] ?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Public release date: 29-Sep-2012[ | E-mail |
Share ] Contact: ESMO Press Office
media@esmo.org
European Society for Medical Oncology
Phase III MISSION trial - EGFR status may help select patients who will benefit most
Vienna, Austria, 29 September 2012 Treatment with the drug sorafenib as a third or fourth line therapy does not result in improved overall survival among patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), according to findings released at the ESMO 2012 Congress of the European Society for Medical Oncology in Vienna. However, a post-hoc biomarker analysis of the trial data that was also presented suggests that patients with EGFR-mutant tumors may benefit.
Sorafenib is an oral inhibitor of several tyrosine protein kinases, which can be active in cancers. At the meeting, Dr Luis Paz-Ares from from Virgen del Rocio University Hospital in Seville, Spain, reported the findings of the phase III MISSION trial, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of monotherapy administration of sorafenib in 703 patients who were randomly assigned to either oral sorafenib 400mg twice daily or placebo.
Median overall survival, the study's primary end-point, was similar in the two groups (248 vs 253 days; HR 0.99, p=0.4687) the researchers found, while median progression-free survival (HR 0.61; p
"Treatment with sorafenib does not result in improved survival as compared to placebo as a third or fourth line treatment in advanced non-small cell lung cancer," Dr Paz-Ares said.
"There are data suggesting relevant anti-tumor activity of the drug, including progression-free survival in this clinical context," he added. "The fact that there is no significant impact on overall survival highlights the increasing importance of post-study therapies in lung cancer trials. In addition, one cannot exclude a potential overall survival benefit in some patient populations." Post-hoc biomarker analysis of MISSION trial suggests patients with EGFR mutant tumors may benefit from sorafenib To date, there is no specific biomarker that can help select patients for treatment with sorafenib. At ESMO 2012, Dr Tony Mok, professor in the Department of Clinical Oncology at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, reported data from an exploratory study which suggests that EGFR mutations may help to achieve this goal in patients with lung cancer.
The analysis was conducted using tumor and/or plasma mutation data from 347 patients who took part in the MISSION trial. EGFR and KRAs mutations were detected in 26% and 20% patients, respectively, and were well balanced between treatment arms, the researchers report.
Analysis of the interaction between EGFR mutation status and the effect of treatment on survival suggested that patients with EGFR mutations benefitted from sorafenib, while those with wild-type EGFR did not. Median overall survival was two-fold longer in patients with EGFR mutations receiving sorafenib versus placebo. There was no significant difference in overall survival between patients with wild type EGFR receiving sorafenib or placebo.
Similarly, researchers saw an interaction between EGFR mutation status and the sorafenib effect on progression-free survival. Those patients with mutated EGFR treated with sorafenib had better outcomes compared to placebo than patients with wild type EGFR.
KRAS mutation status, meanwhile, was not predictive of sorafenib efficacy.
"There are improvements in both overall survival and progression-free survival. The key is the positive interaction analysis, which is the essential test to validate the predictive value of a biomarker in a randomized study. The better overall survival could be partly influenced by the higher number of patients receiving EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibiting drugs after the study, but the improvement in progression-free survival is mostly attributed to the use of sorafenib," Dr Mok said.
"This is only an exploratory analysis thus cannot confirm the value of EGFR mutation. The biomarker population is of small size, and not necessarily representative of the overall population. But on the other hand, contrary to prior suggestions, we confirmed that KRAS is not a predictive biomarker for sorafenib," Dr Mok concluded.
Commenting on the data, Prof Rafael Rosell of the Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Spain, (who was not involved in the study) said: "This phase III MISSION trial shows that the administration of new treatments without selection of patients based on potential predictive markers dilutes the probable benefit of a targeted agent."
"A large subgroup of patients was genotyped for EGFR and KRAS mutations. Of great interest is that among the 26% of patients with non-small cell lung cancer that is driven by EGFR mutations, survival was twofold longer in those receiving sorafenib compared to those receiving placebo," Prof Rosell said. "This is an important finding since sorafenib inhibits BRAF, VEGFR and PDGFR. The inhibition of BRAF could be the main reason survival was longer in the subgroup of patients with EGFR mutations. BRAF and MEK inhibitors -not yet explored-- could provide additional benefit with EGFR TKIs in EGFR-mutant lung cancers."
"In my opinion, the significant benefit of sorafenib in the subgroup of patients with EGFR-mutant tumors is a great breakthrough that merits validation in a prospective study. The use of sorafenib in the second-line setting may provide benefit in patients progressing after treatment with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors," Prof Rosell said. "It is also intriguing that in 20% of lung cancers driven by KRAS mutations, no benefit was observed with sorafenib. BRAF inhibitors can act on KRAS-mutated tumors, but we need to keep in mind that differences in predicting response can be found between chemotypes hitting the same target. The fact that sorafenib has no effect on KRAS mutations in this trial does not rule out the possibility that other BRAF inhibitors could be effective."
###
[ | E-mail | Share ] ?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-09/esfm-sdn092712.php
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